HyperLeda is an information system for astronomy: It consists in a
database and
tools to process that data according to the user's requirements.
The scientific goal which motivates the development of HyperLeda is
the study of the physics and evolution of galaxies.
LEDA was created more than 20 years
ago, in 1983, and became HyperLeda
after the merging with Hypercat in 2000. At present the database
contains over 3 million objects, out of them 1.5 million are certainly
galaxies (with a high level of confidence). See the
distribution of the galaxies on the sky.
Since 2003, HyperLeda is distributed as part of MIGALE.
HyperLeda is now developed in the
general frame of the Virtual
Observatory,
a concept by which astronomers around the world will have access to any
kind of data available in the web on their desks. Users will submit
queries which
will transparently extract and process data from different servers
throughout the world and return the result in an standardized form.
The Virtual Observatory and HyperLeda
are also of a major interest for education and popularization of
astronomy.
HyperLeda distributes a variety of
services:
LEDA: The richest catalogue of homogeneous
parameters of galaxies for the largest available sample.
Hypercat, the collection of compilation catalogues
which are used to compute LEDA. Hypercat compilations includes
global parameters (like magnitudes or redshifts), spatially resolved data
(as kinematical profiles or aperture photometry and
an archive of reference data on stars and galaxies in FITS format.
A series of tools for extracting and processing the data
contained in
the database or fetched from the user or other databases.
All the software and data are also available as a free package
that can be downloaded and installed on any Unix/Linux system.
The user interface, on the web,
allows sophisticated searches in the database
with many links to other resources. The main functionalities are:
Search an object from its common
designation. Then retrieve homogenized data or "raw" (compiled)
data, as they were originally published or measured from archived data.
Search the objects in a field, for example around
a given position on
the sky (cone search). Then display charts or images with different
tools or
access to data.
Search the whole LEDA sample,
and select a sub-sample by putting constraints on the physical
parameters. The selection can be written
with the standard SQL language (the language of the databases).
This is very useful to select samples of statistical value.
Select a sample. Either one which is
already existing in the database
(for example galaxies from the Local Group) or a sample given by the
user.
Then retrieve data for these objects.
In some cases it is useful to access
HyperLeda with scripts or to customize
the output (to fit the needs of a particular application). The advanced user's guide provides informations
about these possibilities
Current contents
The database is build around several
compilations which are then used
to produce and homogeneous description of the galaxies. This
homogenization
consists in converting the original measurements to a standard scale,
to
reject wrong measurements and to compute a representative average.
The list and description of homogenized astrophysical parameters is
available here and more details on the
homogenization process here
List of compilations
Number
Description
0
General index
1
Central velocity dispersion
2
Maximum velocity of rotation of the stars
3
Aperture photometry
4
Integrated photometry
5
Spatially resolved kinematics
6
Line strength indice Mg2
7
Distance of nearby galaxies
8
Cross identifications
9
1D kinematical data
10
1D line strength
11
Fits Archive
101
Designations
102
Morphology
103
Position angle
106
Size
107
Magnitudes
108
Maximum velocity of rotation of the gas
109
Nuclear activity classification
110
Heliocentric cz
112
Colors
113
Astrometry
115
Physical nature
The list of references for data
included in the HyperLeda compilations
is here.
Team
The people presently actively
involved in the operation of the
database are:
Igor Chilingarian, Moscow University (SAI) and Observatoire de
Lyon, Software development
Helene Courtois, Observatoire de Lyon (CRAL), Scientific PI, homogenization of the astrophysical parameters
Natasa Gavrilovic, Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, catalogues
Valeri Golev, Sofia University, catalogues
Dmitry Makarov, Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO, Russia), Software and catalogues
Georges Paturel, Observatoire de Lyon (CRAL), LEDA, catalogues
Chantal Petit, Observatoire de Lyon (CRAL), LEDA, catalogues
Philippe Prugniel, Observatoire de Lyon (CRAL), Project manager, Software
development
Gilles Theureau, Observatoire de Paris (GEPI), Software
development
Isabelle Vauglin, Observatoire de Lyon (CRAL), LEDA, catalogues
Anatoly Zasov, Moscow University (SAI), catalogues
Some other colleagues are occasionally involved or were associated in the past
Rumen Bogdanovski, Sofia, Software development
Nicole Coudreau, Observatoire de Paris (GEPI), catalogue of HI
data
Nicole Hallet, Observatoire de Paris (GEPI), catalogue of HI data
Ivan Zolotukhin, Moscow University, database structure and
Virtual Observatory
Sergey Koposov, Moscow University, database structure and Virtual
Observatory
Using, reporting
errors and acknowledging HyperLeda
Access and data provided by HyperLeda
can be freely used, and the software
is distributed under the Open Source GNU Public License. Usage of
services
and/or data is warmly encouraged.
HyperLeda does not guarantee the
absence of error in the original data, in their processing or in the
software used to retrieve them, but the HyperLeda team is very
interested in reducing the number of these errors.
You would help us very much by reporting the errors you meet. Please
send us
an email: leda@univ-lyon1.fr
describing as precisely as possible the problem that you found.
The acknowlegments are crucial in order to continue to provide public
access to the database: If you use HyperLeda to prepare observations,
define a sample, or for any other purpose, please (i) refer in the text
of your article to this paper : Paturel et al. 2003 A&A,412, 45 and
(ii) cite the usage of the database in footnotes, acknowledgments and/or
references with the address http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr.
The recommended acknowledgment sentence is:
"We acknowledge the usage of the HyperLeda database
(http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr)".
A report of the usage made of HyperLeda would also help us to improve the
service.
We encourage to report us the
usage of data or services in any application as popular astronomy
papers, web sites, softwares, catalogues...
This would allow us to grant personalized support. We are maintaining a
list of applications using HyperLeda.
Bibliography
The HyperLeda project and the
catalogues are presented in the following papers (this is not a
complete list):
Designations and identifications HYPERLEDA. I. Identification and designation of galaxies
Paturel, G., Petit, C., Prugniel, Ph., Theureau, G., Rousseau, J.,
Brouty, M., Dubois, P., Cambresy, L., 2003
A&A 412, 45
Neutral Hydrogen An extragalactic data base. II - The HI data
Bottinelli, L., Gouguenheim, L., Fouque, P., Paturel, G., 1990A&AS...82..391B HYPERLEDA. II. The homogenized HI data
Paturel, G., Theureau, G., Bottinelli, L., Gouguenheim, L.,
Coudreau-Durand, N., Hallet, N., Petit, C., 2003
A&A 412, 57
Size of galaxies An extragalactic database. III - Diameter reduction
G. Paturel, A.-M. Garcia, P. Fouque, R. Buta, 1991A&A...243..319P
Central velocity dispersion and maximum rotational velocity The fundamental plane of early-type galaxies: stellar population
and mass-to-light ratio
Prugniel, Ph., Simien, F., 1996,
A&A 309, 749
Photometry Total magnitude, radius, colour indices, colour gradients and
photometric type of galaxies
Ph. Prugniel and Ph. Héraudeau, 1998
A&AS, 128, 299
Spatially resolved kinematics A catalogue of spatially resolved kinematics of galaxies:
bibliography
Ph. Prugniel, A. Zasov, G. Busarello, F. Simien, 1997,
A&AS 127, 117
Line strength indices A catalogue of Mg2 indices of galaxies and globular clusters
Golev, V., Prugniel, Ph., 1998,
A&AS, 132, 255
General presentation of the project HYPERLEDA: the 3D structure of the nearby universe
Vauglin, I., Prugniel, P., Chiligarian, I., Bogdanovski, R., 2005,
SF2A annual meeting, 651 LEDA galaxies with DENIS measurements catalog
Paturel G., Vauglin I., Petit C., Borsenberger J., Epchtein N., Fouque
P., Mamon G., 2005,
A& 430, 751 HyperLeda: Virtual Instruments for Extragalactic Astronomy
Prugniel Ph., Paturel, G., Georgiev, V., Chilingarian, I., Petit, C., 2004,
tivo.conf..307P The HyperLeda project en route to the astronomical virtual
observatory
Golev, V., Georgiev, V., Prugniel, Ph., 2002POBeo..73..149G HyperLeda Prugniel, Ph., Paturel, G., 2002,
SF2A Annual meeting, 427 HYPERLEDA: a Tool for Studying Galaxies
Prugniel, P., Ortiz, P. F., Binette, L., Busarello, G., Golev, V.,
Joguet, B., Merluzzi, P., Paturel, G., Theureau, G., Tsvetkov, M., and
2 coauthors, 2001misk.conf..683P An extragalactic database. I - The Catalogue of Principal
Galaxies
G. Paturel, P. Fouque, L. Bottinelli, L. Gouguenheim, 1989A&AS...80..299P
Special thanks to:
This database has been developed with
the help of many people:
Andernach H., Becker M., Bottinelli L., Buta R.J., Corwin H.G.Jr.,
Davoust E., de Vaucouleurs A., de Vaucouleurs G., Courtois H., Durand
N.,
Fouqué P., Garnier R., Kogoshvili N., Gouguenheim L., Hallet N.,
Lanoix P., Mamon G., Marthinet M.C., Miyauchi-Isobe N., Rouaix S.,
Rousseau J., Simien F., Odewahn S., Takase B., Vauglin I., Watson, C.,
Winner R..
and the following Institutions :
MENST, INSU, PNG, PNC, CNRS, DRED, Conseil Régional
Rhône-Alpes, Observatoire de Lyon, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon,
Centre de Données de Strasbourg (CDS).
We make use of the ESO facility in Munich for retrieving images
from the Digitized Sky Survey produced at the Space
Telescope Science Institute under US Government grant NAG W-2166.
It is based on photographic data obtained using The UK Schmidt
Telescope and the Palomar Sky Survey.